Berpetualang Di Pasar Tradisional Nusantara Indonesia: Pasar 16-ilir dan Pasar Terapung Barito

Get the Taste of Traditional Market within the Archipelago: 16-ilir Traditional Market and Barito Floating Market

군도(群島)에서 전통시장의 맛을 느껴보세요: 16-ilir 전통시장과 Barito 수상시장

Pasar 16-ilir, Palembang

Mengenang kembali masa kecil, ada dua hal yang paling tidak saya sukai; mengonsumsi sayuran hijau dan berbelanja bersama ibu ke pasar tradisional alias pasar becek. Jika diajak ke pasar, saya pasti selalu bertanya apakah kita akan ke ‘pasar wangi’ atau akan ke pasar ‘bau’.

During the time of my early childhood, there were two things that I hate the most: eat vegetables and go with my mom to the traditional market. I remember I always asked my mom, whether she would go to ‘the sweet-scented market’ which refers to the supermarket or to the traditional wet market.

어렸을 적에 제가 가장 싫어했던 일 두 가지는, 야채를 먹는 것과 엄마를 따라 전통시장에 가는 것이었습니다. 저는 엄마에게 항상‘달콤한 냄새가 나는 시장’(슈퍼마켓 혹은 전통적인 농수산시장)에 갈 거냐고 물어봤던 기억이 납니다.

Salesman berjualan di Pasar Tradisional

Walaupun pertumbuhan pasar modern di Indonesia meningkat pesat, lebih dari 50% masyarakat Indonesia masih memilih pasar tradisional. Alasannya tidak melulu soal harga, tetapi faktor-faktor seperti jaminan akan mutu kesegaran, hubungan baik dengan pedagang dan peluang untuk mendapatkan harga sesuai dengan isi kantong menjadi pemicu mengapa pasar tradisional tetap dipilih. Umumnya pasar tradisional menawarkan kebutuhan sehari-hari dan produk segar seperti sayuran dan buah-buahan meskipun toko pakaian dan juga toko perhiasan kerap dijumpai di pasar tradisional. Sepeda motor adalah alat transportasi pilihan untuk mencapai pasar tradisional dibandingkan mobil, mengingat terbatasnya lahan parker, sementara angkutan umum akan selalu tersedia walaupun tingkat kenyamanan sangat minim. Transaksi hanya tersedia secara tunai, untuk itu ada baiknya kartu ATM dan kartu kredit tetap disimpan di rumah.

Despite of the rapid growth of modern retailer, to date, more than half of Indonesian, prefers to go to traditional market. Price is not always the consent nowadays, but the assurance of freshness, seller-buyer long-time relationship and high possibility to get the price that you want, are several major drivers. Most of traditional markets sell staples and fresh products while clothes and jewelry are common. To get to this traditional market, motorcycle is preferred over car as parking lot is limited while public transportation is always available but still less comfortable. To close a transaction, cash is the only way so you can keep your ATM and credit card at home.

현대적 소매점의 급속한 성장에도 불구하고, 여전히 인도네시아 사람들의 절반 이상은 전통시장에 가는 것을 선호합니다. 오늘날에는 항상 흥정이 가능한 것만은 아닙니다만, 대체로 원하는 가격에 맞출 수 있다는 점, 신선함이 보장되고 단골가게 주인과의 오래된 신뢰관계가 있다는 점 등이 사람들의 발길을 전통시장으로 향하게 하는 이유입니다. 전통시장은 주요 식재료와 신선제품을 기본으로 하는데, 의류와 액세서리류까지 갖추고 있는 경우도 많이 볼 수 있습니다. 전통시장에 갈 때에는 자동차보다 오토바이가 선호되는데,이것은 주차공간이 협소하고, 대중교통으로 장을 보는 것은 아무래도 약간 불편하기 때문입니다. 결제방법은 현금이 유일하기 때문에 신용카드는 집에 두고 오셔도 좋습니다.

Gunung Durian 

Saya sangat beruntung memiliki kesempatan untuk menikmati uniknya pasar 16-ilir saat mendapatkan kesempatan untuk bekerja di Palembang, ibukota propinsi Sumatra Selatan. Terletak di tepi sungai Musi, sungai terpanjang di pulau Sumatra, pasar 16-ilir didominasi oleh toko-toko kelontong berskala besar dan grosir. Sepeda motor adalah pemandangan harian yang dapat ditemui di lahan parkir pasar selain kumpulan kapal berukuran kecil di tepian sungai. Selain digunakan sebagai sarana transportasi, kapal-kapal ini juga berfungsi sebagai arena berjualan, khususnya produk ikan dan juga bumbu-bumbu seperti bawang merah dan cabai. Jika bertandang ke pasar 16-ilir saat musim durian, di setiap sudut dapat dijumpai ‘gunungan’ durian berbagai ukuran. Di seberang pasar terdapat Benteng Kuto Besak< salah satu bangunan bersejarah dari abad ke-18, yang dibangun bukan sebagai bentuk pertahanan namun sebagai kediaman Sultan yang ingin memantau pergerakan perdagangan dan budaya yang mayoritas masuk melalui sungai Musi.

When I was working in Palembang, the capital city of South Sumatra, I got the opportunity to experience the uniqueness of local traditional market named Pasar 16-ilir. Dominated by large stores and wholesalers, this market is located along the riverside of Musi, the longest river in Sumatra. Hundreds of motorcycle is a routine view at front part of the market while few boats are collected on the side. Beside of being used as means of transportation for goods, these boats are also the place for transaction for fresh fish and spices such as shallots and chilies. If come during durian season, which usually happens at the end of the year, you can spot piles of duriani in every corner. Across Pasar 16-ilir is located Benteng Kuto Besak, which was built not for military purpose but as the new residence for the king in order to control South Sumatra trading and culture during the 18^th century.

South Sumatra의 수도 Palembang에서 일했을 적에, 저는 Pasar 16-ilir라는 독특한 지역 전통시장을 경험할 기회를 얻을 수 있었습니다. Sumatra에서 가장 긴 강인 Musi 강변을 따라 위치한 이 시장은 주로 대형매장과 도매점으로 이루어져 있습니다. 시장의 앞쪽에는 흔히 수백 대의 오토바이를 볼 수 있으며, 한쪽으로는 보트 몇 대가 모여 있습니다. 이 보트들은 상품들을 운송하는 수단일 뿐만 아니라, 그 자체로 신선한 생선 및 양파나 고추 따위의 향신료를 판매하는 훌륭한 매장이기도 합니다. 두리안(*열대과일의 일종)의 제철인 연말쯤에 방문한다면, 곳곳에서 두리안을 가득 쌓아놓고 판매하고 있는 광경에 마주칠 수 있을 것입니다.

Pasar Terapung Barito, Kalimantan Selatan

Selain bentuk pasar tradisional seperti pasar 16-ilir, fenomena pasar terapung juga dapat dijumpai di Indonesia. Sebagai negara maritime yang terdiri atas pulau-pulau dan dikelilingi oleh lautan, Nusantara Indonesia juga dimanfaatkan tidak hanya untuk lalu lintas perdagangan, namun juga sebagai sarana jual-beli antara pedagang dan konsumen local. Salah satu pasar terapung yang dikenal masyarakat banyak adalah Pasar Barito yang dapat dijumpai di Banjarmasin, Kalimantan Selatan. Sesuai dengan namanya, di pasar ini pedagang menjual produk dagangannya di atas perahu. Pembeli pun berada di atas perahu. Di pasar terapung, fenomena transaksi paling primitif yaitu barter alias tukar barang dapat ditemui. Walaupun sangat terbatas dan sempit, beranekaragam produk dapat dijumpai. Mulai dari buah pisang hingga shampoo.  

Another unique form of Indonesia traditional market is the floating market. Best known as country that consists of islands and surrounded by seas, Indonesian leverage this geographical nature not only as route for international trading but also as location where local sellers able to serve the needs of local consumer. The most popular floating market is Pasar Terapung Barito at Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan. Here, sellers are selling their product on the boat while buyers also use the same media to make transaction. In the floating market, the most ancient method of transaction, barter,  is still being used as sellers can exchange their bananas for oranges instead of receiving direct cash.  Although space is limited, sellers are able to sell varieties of product. From bananas to shampoo. 

인도네시아 전통시장에서 또 하나의 독특한 형태는 바로 수상시장입니다. 여러 섬들로 이루어진 나라답게, 인도네시아는 이 지리적 조건을 국제무역에서만 아니라 지역 판매자들이 지역 소비자들과 만나기 위해서도 활용합니다. 가장 유명한 수상시장은 South Kalimantan의 Banjarmasin에 위치한 Pasar Terapung Barito라는 곳입니다. 이곳에서 판매자들은 보트 위에서 상품을 판매하고,구매자들 역시 보트를 이용하여 거래에 나섭니다. 수상시장에서는 물물교환이라는 가장 오래된 거래방식이 여전히 유효합니다. 즉,판매자들은 자신의 바나나를 현금 대신 오렌지를 받고 팔기도 하는 것입니다. 보트라는 공간적 제약에도 불구하고, 판매자들은 바나나에서 샴푸까지 무척 다양한 종류의 상품을 취급합니다.